If you have never filed a federal income tax return before, you can receive premium tax credits so long as you file a federal income tax return for the upcoming year. There is no requirement to have filed a tax return for any prior year in order to qualify. In order to continue receiving premium tax credits, you must file a tax return and reconcile any advance premium tax credits received using IRS Form 8962. Note that if you fail to file a tax return and reconcile your premium tax credits for two consecutive years, you may lose eligibility for premium tax credits the subsequent year. Note, however, that this requirement has been temporarily suspended for plan year 2024, until the IRS can implement the necessary system changes.
CMS, Guidance on Annual Redetermination and Re-enrollment for Marketplace Coverage for 2024 and Later Years; 26 C.F.R. § 1.36B-2; 45 C.F.R. § 155.305.)